Today it been years that we are linked with this solar technology and it is helping every industry and house owner around the world. Due to solar technology now small business owners can generate their own electricity to use for personal purposes at cheaper rates than local service provider.
Types of solar cells:
Solar cells are made from silicon; this is the same material which we use in transistors and integrated circuits. Silicon help these cells, as it work like a doped which release electrons after receiving sunlight. Today we have crossed almost four generations of solar cells, because of which now we can use different types of solar cells according to our needs and preferences. Some famous types are described below.
First generation solar cells: these were the first generation PV cells and silicon is still ruling on commercial market because of its dominant qualities. These cells are typically made with crystalline silicon wafer and consisted on large areas. Some recent approaches to save more energy through this material is to cut it form multi crystalline ribbons.
This is PV Cell (photovoltaic cells)
Second generation solar cells: these cells were named as Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD). In this generation four types of solar cells were introduced. Amorphous Silicon cellswhich can be deposited over large areas with help PECVD. Their band gap was about 1.7 eV and function similar to c-SI. Polycrystalline Silicon are made of pure silicon grains, they work better than previous designs because of their mobility feature. You can easily move them over large magnitude. Cadmium telluride (CdTe) cells are formed with cadmium and tellurium mixed with zinc cubic crystal structure. This material is cheaper than silicon but not as efficient as silicon is. Copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) alloy cells are deposited on glass or stainless steel and are complex in model. Their band gap is about 1.38 eV.
 Amorphous Silicon cells
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 Polycrystalline Silicon |
 Cadmium telluride (CdTe) |
 Copper indium gallium |
Third generation solar cells: this generation was very different from previous generation because innovative semiconductors were used in here. Types of solar cells introduced in this generation includes Nanocrystal solar cells, Photoelectrochemical cells, Gräetzel Cell, Dye-sensitized hybrid solar cells, Polymer solar cells. Nanocrystal solar cells were based on silicon substrate with coating of nano crystals. Thin film of nano crystals is used with it, which was obtained by process named as spin coating. They create higher potential for solar cells. PEC were second on the list, and consisted of a semiconducting photoanode. It works best with electrons and can also separate non salacity of semi conductors. Gräetzel cells were dye sensitized cells and use photoelectrons to increase power efficiently. Dyes were made of metal organic complex and its molecules are hit by increasing heat. Polymer solar cells were last invention of this generation, which were lightweight, inexpensive, flexible and disposable on any molecular level. They have little negative impact on environment.
Fourth generation of solar cells: this generation brings most successful types of solar cells for mankind and those were Hybird- Nanocrystal cells. For generation of these cells polymers and nano particles were mixed to make on layer which can help electrons and protons to move for producing better voltage and good quality of direct current.
This is Hybird Nanocrystal cells